CLASSIFICATION TYPOLOGY OF THE TRADITIONAL
GAMES IN EUROPE
- Classification elaborated after the European seminaries of the Council of
Europe : VILA REAL, Portugal (1988), and LEUVEN, Belgium (1990) by Roland Renson,
Michel Manson, Erik de Vroede *. Updates and additions by Guy Jaouen, Spring
2001, and Pere Lavega Burguès, Spring 2003.
Note: This list only gives examples of games and doesn't have the ambition to
be exhaustive.
* Renson R ; Manson M ; De Vroede E ; 1991, Typology for the classification
of traditional games in Europe, in : De Vroede E ; Renson R (eds), Proceedings
of the Second European Seminar on Traditional Games (Leuven 1990), Leuven ;
Vlaamse Volkssport Centrale, pp. 69-81.
| 1 – BALL GAMES |
||
CONCEPT
: |
GAMES |
|
| 1.1 |
without instruments
|
|
1.1.1. |
With the hands or with the upper limbs (Hand, elbow, arm) |
Hand Ball (Irlande) |
1.1.2 |
The feet or lower limbs (foot, leg, knee)… |
|
1.1.3 |
Both |
Knappan (Wales) |
1.2 |
with instrument |
|
1.2.1 |
Racket |
Courte paume (F) |
1.2.2 |
Stick |
Crosse (B-Wallonie ; F) ou Bazik Kamm (Bret.) |
1.2.3 |
Chistera |
Cesta punta (Pays Basque- F; E) |
1.2.4 |
Other |
|
| 2 – BOWL AND PINS GAMES |
||
CONCEPT: |
GAMES |
|
| 2.1 |
Bowls games |
|
2.1.1 |
Without instrument |
|
2.1.1.1 |
Marbles (nuts,…) |
Jeux de billes |
2.1.1.2 |
Round bowls |
Boules lyonnaises (F) |
2.1.1.3 |
Flat bowls |
Krubol (B- Vlaanderen) |
2.1.1.4 |
Hanging bowl |
Boule pendante (Bretagne-F) |
2.1.1.5 |
Other |
EisschieBen (A ; D) |
2.1.2 |
With instrument |
Kolven (NL) |
2.2 |
Skittle games |
|
2.2.1 |
With bowls |
Quilles du Poher (O. Bretagne-F) |
2.2.2 |
With sticks |
Karelian pins (SF) |
2.3 |
Skittle games |
|
2.3.1 |
With bowls |
Bolo Celta (Galicia, E) |
2.3.2 |
With a puck |
Palet Gascon (S.Ouest.-F) |
| 3 – THROWING GAMES |
||
CONCEPT:
Throwing an object is the major characteristic |
GAMES |
|
|
3.1 |
Discs and rings |
|
3.1.1 |
Discs or pucks |
Stopschieten (B-Vlaanderen) |
3.1.2 |
Rings « quoits » |
Le fer à cheval / lanzamiento herradura/ horse shoe
throwing (Irl; Ecosse) |
3.2 |
Sticks and darts |
|
3.2.1 |
Sticks |
Bricolet (B-Wallonie) |
3.2.2 |
Darts |
Darts (GB) |
3.3 |
Other instruments |
|
3.3.1 |
Hammer |
Throwing the hammer (GB) |
3.3.2 |
Sheaf |
Le lancer du ballot (F) |
3.3.3 |
Bullet |
Klootschieten (NL) |
3.3.4 |
Weight |
Jet de la pierre (CH) |
3.3.5 |
Pole |
Tossing the caber (GB) |
3.3.6 |
Others |
Barra Leonesa, Aragonesa (E) |
3.4 |
Top games |
Le sabot / Whipping top |
3.5 |
Games of throw and catch |
Osselets / tabas/Knuchelbones |
| 4 - SHOOTING GAMES |
||
CONCEPT:
With a propulsive instrument |
GAMES |
|
| 4.1 |
Long-bow and crossbow |
|
4.1.1 |
Long-bow |
|
4.1.1.1 |
Shooting at a vertical pole |
Staande wip |
4.1.1.2 |
Shooting at a horizontal pole |
Liggende wip (B ; F ; NL) |
4.1.1.3 |
Target shooting |
|
4.1.2 |
Crossbow |
|
4.1.2.1 |
Shooting at the vertical pole |
Staande wip (B ; F ; NL) |
4.1.2.2 |
Target shooting |
Balestra (I) |
4.1.3 |
Catapult |
|
4.2 |
Fire-arms |
|
4.2.1 |
Shooting at a vertical pole |
Buksschieten (B ; NL) |
4.2.2 |
Target shooting |
|
4.3 |
Blowpipe |
Jeu de la Sarbacane (F) |
4.4 |
Sling |
Tiro de honda (Islas Baleares-E) |
4.5 |
Others |
|
| 5 – FIGHTING AND JOUSTING GAMES |
||
CONCEPT:
Confrontation between human being, with or without instruments |
GAMES |
|
| 5.1 |
without instruments |
|
5.1.1 |
Wrestling without instruments |
Cornish Wrestling (GB) |
5.1.2 |
Wrestling with instruments |
Bazh-yod (F) |
5.2 |
Confrontation with instruments |
|
5.2.1 |
Sticks, lances |
Joute à la lance (B) |
5.2.2 |
others |
Joute sur la poutre |
5.3 |
Confrontation against objets |
|
5.3.1 |
Jousts against the resistance of objects |
Corte de troncos horizontales y verticales (E) |
5.3.2 |
Jousting for dexterity |
Jeu de bagues (B ; F ; NL) |
| 6 – ANIMAL GAMES |
||
CONCEPT
: Jeux avec des animaux |
GAMES |
|
| 6.1 |
The animal is the playing object (crual
games) |
|
6.2 |
Confrontation man versus animal |
Courses de taureaux (F) |
6.3 |
Competition between animals |
|
6.3.1 |
Combats |
Combats de coqs / peleas de gallos/ |
6.3.2 |
Racing |
La colombophilie / duivensport /colombofilia/ pigeon racing |
6.3.3 |
Warbling |
Vinkenzetten / pînsonnerie (B ; F) |
| 7 – LOCOMOTION GAMES |
||
CONCEPT:
To move oneself or to move an object |
GAMES |
|
| 7.1 |
Moving oneself |
|
7.1.1 |
without instruments |
|
7.1.1.1 |
Running and chassing |
Jeu de barre (F) |
7.1.1.2 |
Swimming |
|
7.1.1.3 |
Jumping and skipping |
La marelle / Rayuela/Hopscotch |
7.1.1.4 |
Climbing |
Mastklimmen |
7.1.1.5 |
Balance |
Boegsprietlopen (B) |
7.1.2 |
with instruments |
Bicyclette |
7.2 |
Being moved |
|
7.2.1 |
Animals |
Course d’ânes /Carrera Burros/ |
7.2.2 |
Vehicle / engine |
Char à voile / Sand yachting |
7.3 |
Moving an object |
|
7.3.1 |
By lifting |
Putting the stone (UK) |
7.3.2 |
To pull |
Traîner de pierre (E) Arrastre de piedras (E) |
| 8 – ACROBATICS |
||
CONCEPT:
Performances requiring skillful control of the body |
GAMES |
|
| 8.1 |
Use of the body |
Castells (Cataluña, E) |